Singular-Plural Explained With All Ruels | Simply Explained

Singular & plural

v Nouns ending with  [–s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, -ss ] form plural by adding [-es]

EX:   Bus – Buses                Fox – Foxes          kiss – kisses

         Glass – Glasses      Branch - Branches      Dish – Dishes

         Buzz – Buzzes

Exceptions: - Ox - Oxeu

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v Nouns ending in [-o] preceded by a consonants form plural by adding [-es]

EX: -           Tomato – Tomatoes           Potato – Potatoes   

                    Hero - Heroes                  Negro – Negroes

                   Volcano – Volcanoes         Echo – Echoes

Exceptions: -   Dynamo – Dynamos      Piano – Pianos

                       Solo - solos                    halo – halos

                      Photo – photos                 kilo – kilos

                      Commando – commandos      etc. 

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v Nouns ending in [-o] preceded by vowel, form plural by adding [-s]

Ex: -         Radio – Radios           Studio – Studios

                 Curio – Curios           Cuckoo – Cuckoos

                Ratio - Ratios              Stereo - Stereo

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v Nouns ending in [-y] preceded by a consonant form plural by remove that [-y] and add [-ies]

Ex:    Lorry – Lorries   Lady – Ladies   Story - Stories

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v If the noun ends with [y] and before letter is vowels you just add word with [s]

Ex: -      Key – Keys          Boy – Boys       Day – Days

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v Singular nouns ending in [-um] become [a] in plural

Ex: -       Bacterium – Bacteria             Corrigendum – Corrigenda

              Datum – Data                         Curriculum – Curricula

              Medium – Media                    Erratum – Errata

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v Singular nouns ending in [-ex] or [-ix] become [-ices] or add [-es] with them in plural

Ex: -    Appendix –Appendixes/Appendices     Matrix – Matrixes/ Matrices

            Index – Indexes/Indices                        Vortex – Vortexes/Vortices

           Apex – Apexes/Apices

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v Singular nouns ends in [-a] take [-e] in plural

Ex: -   Alumna – Alumnae       Formula – Formulae

           Vertebra – Vertebrae

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v Singular nouns ending in [-is] become [-es] in plural

Ex: -      Axis – Axes             Basis – Bases      Analysis – Analyses

            Diagnosis – Diagnoses Crisis – Crises

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v Singular noun ending in [-on] become [a] in plural

Ex: -       Criterion – Criteria     Phenomenon – phenomena

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v Singular nouns ending in [-eau] become [x] or [s] in plural

Ex: -     Bureau – Bureaus               Beau – Beaux

            Plateau – Plateaus

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v Some plural nouns have the same spelling as singular nouns

Ex: -       Series – Series         Aircraft – Aircraft       Bison – Bison

              Innings – Innings    Asset – Asset               Deer – Deer

              Dozen – Dozen        Gross – Gross              Sheep – Sheep

              Fish – Fish               Swine – Swine             Scenery – Scenery

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v Some nouns are always in plural

Ex: -         Scissors, tongs, trousers, pants, jeans, spectacles, binoculars etc...

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v We say “Spoonful’s” :Handfuls” are regarded as one word

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v       Singular                            plural

     

        Brahman                          Brahmans

        Mussulmen                      Mussulmans