VOICES
( Active Voice and Passive Voice )
Active voice:
If the doer of the action is the
subject it is called active voice.
Ex: He writes a letter.
Passive voice:
When the action is acted upon by the
subject is called passive voice
Ex: A letter is written by
him.
I) Statement sentences:
1.
Simple
present tense
Active voice
|
Passive
voice
|
S + V1/V+S/V+es/V+ies + O
|
O + am/is/are + V3 +by + S
|
Ex:
He draws a
picture. (A.V)
A picture is drawn
by him. (P.V)
2.
Present
continuous tense:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S + am/is/are
+ V1 + ing + O
|
O + am/is/are
+ being + V3 +by + S
|
Ex:
She is singing a
song. (A.V)
A song is being
sung by here. (P.V)
3. Past continuous
tense:
Active voice
|
Passive
voice
|
S
+ was/were + V1 + ing + O
|
O
+ was/were + being + V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
Usha was writing a letter.
(A.V)
A letter was being written by
Usha (P.V)
4. Simple past
tense:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S
+ V2 + O
|
O
+ was/were + V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
They printed the
matter. (A.V)
The matter was
printed by them (P.V)
5. Simple present
tense:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S + will/shall
+ V1 + O
|
O + will/shall
+ be + V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
We shall sell the fruits
(A.V)
The fruits shall be sold by
us (P.V)
6. Present perfect
tense:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S
+ have/has + V3 + O
|
O
+ have/has + been + V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
She has bought a new pen.
(A.V)
A new pen has been bought by
her (P.V)
7. Past perfect
tense
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S
+ had + V3 + O
|
O +Had + been
+ V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
He had closed the window
(A.V)
The window had been closed by
him (P.V)
8. Future perfect
tense :
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S
+ will/shall + have + V3 + O
|
O
+ will/shall + have + been + V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
Mohan will have sung a song (A.V)
A song will have been sung by
Mohan (P.V)
Note:
Present perfect continuous tense, past
perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense, future perfect
continuous tense and future continuous tense not have the passive form
|
9. Modal auxiliary
verbs model:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
||||
S
|
would, should,
can, could, may might, must, ought to,
need, dare, used to
|
V1 + O
|
O
|
would, should,
can, could, may might, must, ought to,
need, dare, used to
|
be + V3 + by+
S
|
Ex:
She would ride a bike (A.V)
A bike would be ridden by her
(P.V)
i) Passive of
infinitive
1.
Simple
future:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S
+ am/is/are + going to + V1 + O
|
O + am/is/are
+ going to + be + V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
1.
We
are going to meet the governor (A.V)
The governor is going to be met by us (P.V)
2.
Sneha
is going to make dinner tomorrow (A.V)
Dinner is going to be made by
sneha tomorrow (P.V)
2. General forms:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
To
+ V1
|
To
+ be + V3
|
Present:
|
Past:
|
Has
to/ Have to
|
Had
to
|
Ex:
1.
We
have to help her. (A.V)
She has to be helped by us. (P.V)
2.
I
am to learn French (A.V)
French is learned by me (P.V)
3.
It
is time to cook the food (A.V)
It is the time for the food to be cooked.
(P.V)
4.
Meena
wants Niti to help her
Meena wants to be helped by Niti (P.V)
ii) Negative
sentence:
1.
Present tense:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
She
+ don’t/Doesn’t + V1 + O
|
O
+ am/is/are + not + V3 +by + S
|
Ex:
I don’t like tea
(A.V)
tea is not liked by me (P.V)
tea is not liked by me (P.V)
2.
Past tense:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S
+ didn’t + V1 + O
|
O
+ was/were / not + V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
He did not attend the function (A.V)
The function was not attended by him
(P.V)
3.
Modal auxiliary verbs model:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
S + model
auxiliary+ not + V1 + O
|
O + modal
auxiliary + not + be + V3 + by + S
|
Ex:
You need not give the amount
(A.V)
The amount need not to be given by you
(P.V)
iii) Passive with two
objects:
Ex:
I taught him grammar (A.V)
Grammar taught him by me. (Or) He was
taught grammar by me
iv) Passive voice without
agent:
Ex:
The watch was stolen (P.V)
Someone stole the watch (A.V)
Here the doer is not known. Hence we
take someone/ somebody as the doer
|
The thief was arrested. (A.V)
Policeman arrested the thief. (P.V)
II) Imperative
sentences:
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
Positive
sentences
|
|
V1
+ Object
|
Let + object +
be + V3
|
Negative
sentences
|
|
Don’t
+ V1 + Object
|
Let + object +
not + be + V3
|
Ex:
1.
Do
the home work. (A.V)
Let the homework be done. (P.V)
2.
Help
the beggar. (A.V)
Let the beggar be helped. (P.V)
3.
Close
the window. (A.V)
Let the window be closed (P.V)
4.
Don’t
stop him. (A.V)
Let him not be stopped. (P.V)
i) Please – model
in imperative sentences:
Active voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Positive
sentences
|
|
Please + V1 + Object
|
You are requested to + V1 + object
|
Negative
sentences
|
|
Please + don’t + V1 + Object
|
You are requested (or) advised not to + V1 + O
|
Ex:
1.
Please help me. (A.V)
You are requested to help me. (P.V)
2.
Please send the report. (A.V)
You are requested to send the report. (P.V)
3.
Please don’t come later. (A.V)
You are requested not to come later. (P.V)
4.
Please don’t neglect your health. (A.V)
You are advised not to neglect your health. (P.V)
III) Interrogative
sentences:
1.
Yes/no type
1. Simple
present tense:
Active
voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Do/Does
+ S + V1 + O?
|
Am/is/
are + O + V3 + by + S?
|
Ex:
Does he sell the fruits? (A.V)
Are the fruits sold by him? (P.V)
2. Simple
past tense:
Active
voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Did + S + V1 + O?
|
Was/were + O + V3 + by + S?
|
Ex:
Did Usha buy a book? (A.V)
Was a book bought by Usha?
(P.V)
3. Simple
future tense :
Active
voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Will/shall + S + V1 + O?
|
Will/shall + O + be + V3 + by + S?
|
Ex:
Will he throw a party
tomorrow? (A.V)
Will a party be thrown by him
tomorrow? (P.V)
4. Present
continuous tense:
Active
voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Am / is/are + S + V1 + ing + O?
|
Am/is/are
+ O + being + V3 + by + S?
|
Ex:
Is he driving the car? (A.V)
Is the car being driven by
him? (P.V)
5. Past
continuous tense :
Active
voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Was/were + S + V! + ing + O?
|
Was/were + O + being + V3 + by + S?
|
Ex:
Was he reading a poem? (A.V)
Was a poem being read by him?
(P.V)
6. Present
perfect tense:
Active voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Have/Has + S + V3 + O?
|
Have/Has + O + been + V3 + by + S?
|
Ex:
Have they bought new pens?
(A.V)
Have new pens been bought by
them? (P.V)
7. Past
perfect tense:
Active
voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Had + S +V3 +O?
|
Had + O +been + V3 +by + S?
|
Ex:
Had vinoth bought a car?
(A.V)
Had a car been bought by
vinoth? (P.V)
2. “Wh”
type:
1. Present
tense and past tense:
Active
voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Question word + A.V + S + M.V + O?
|
Q.W
+ A.V + O + V3 + by + S?
|
Ex:
Where did he sell the fruits?
(A.V)
Where were the fruits sold by
him? (P.V)
Why do you drink tea? (A.V)
Why is tea drunk by you?
(P.V)
2. “who”
model:
Active voice
|
Passive
voice
|
Who + _____________?
|
By whom + A.V + Object +_____?
|
Ex:
1.
Who broke this chair? (A.V)
By whom was this chair broken? (P.V)
2.
Who will solve the problem? (A.V)
By whom will the problem be solved? (P.V)
3.
Who can meet the CM? (A.V)
By whom can the VM be met? (P.V)
4.
Who had written these letters? (A.V)
By whom had these letters been written?
(P.V)
3. Passive
voice:
The passive voice is of two kinds.
They are
Personal
passive voice:
The doer of the action is mentioned it is
called personal passive voice.
The preposition “by” is present and it
is placed before the agent (or)
doer.
Ex:
A letter was written by Raja.
Impersonal
passive voice:
The doer of the action is not
mentioned it is called impersonal passive
voice. The preposition “by” is omitted in
this type.
Ex:
My pen has been stolen.
Pronoun changing
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
I
|
Me
|
We
|
Us
|
You
|
You
|
They
|
Them
|
He
|
Him
|
She
|
Her
|
It
|
IT
|
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